G6PD Deficiency Treatment in Indore

What Is G6PD Deficiency?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder whereby the body lacks adequate amounts of the G6PD enzyme.

This enzyme protects the red blood cells from damage caused by oxidative stress brought about by certain foods, infections, medications, or chemicals.

In individuals with G6PD deficiency, when they are exposed to a certain trigger, red blood cells can break down too quickly, a process termed hemolysis.

This may result in haemolytic anaemia.

G6PD deficiency is:

Inherited-X-linked → more common in males

Found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and parts of the Mediterranean

How G6PD Deficiency Works

Without sufficient G6PD enzyme:

Red blood cells cannot neutralise oxidative stress.

They break up sooner than they actually should.

The body cannot replace them fast enough → anaemia and jaundice may occur.

Symptoms of G6PD Deficiency

Most patients are asymptomatic until they are exposed to a certain trigger.

During Hemolytic Episodes (Hemolysis)

Symptoms may include:

Sudden weakness or fatigue

Pale skin

Jaundice- yellowing of skin/eyes

Dark, tea-coloured urine

Racing heart

Shortness of breath

Enlarged spleen, in some cases

In infants: Prolonged neonatal jaundice

Symptoms often appear within 24–72 hours after exposure to a trigger.

Common Triggers of Hemolysis

People with G6PD deficiency have to avoid certain triggers that cause oxidative stress, which include:

1. Foods

Fava beans (broad beans)

2. Infections

Infections are one of the MOST common triggers, as the body manufactures oxidative chemicals to fight the germs.

3. Medications (examples)

Some medications that may induce hemolysis include:

Certain antibiotics

Certain antimalarials

Some pain or fever medicines

(Specific lists of drugs differ by region; always check with a clinician before initiating a new medication.)

4. Chemicals

Naphthalene is found in some mothballs

Prevention of Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency

G6PD deficiency cannot be cured because it is genetic.

However, it is possible to prevent hemolytic crises by avoiding triggers and ensuring early detection.

1. Avoid Known Triggers

Do not eat fava beans.

Avoid exposure to mothballs or naphthalene.

Avoid medications known to cause hemolysis in persons with G6PD deficiency

Medication safety should always be confirmed with a healthcare professional.

2. Manage Infections Properly

Because infections are a common cause of hemolysis:

Seek medical care early if fever or illness develops

Observe proper hygiene and vaccination to minimise the chances of infection.

3. Educate Caregivers, Schools, and Family

Ensure any caregiver of the child/adult is informed:

What is G6PD deficiency?

What foods/medications must be avoided?

What are the symptoms of hemolysis like?

4. Newborn Screening and Early Diagnosis

G6PD deficiency can be diagnosed through newborn screenings in many countries.

Early awareness helps prevent exposure to harmful triggers.

5. Monitor During High-Risk Situations

Extra caution during:

Severe infections

Surgery

Exposure to new medications

Prompt medical evaluation prevents complications.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek immediate medical care if a person with G6PD deficiency experiences:

Dark or brown urine

Sudden or unexplained jaundice

extreme fatigue or paleness

Rapid breathing or heartbeat

Symptoms starting soon after new food/medicine exposure

These could point towards haemolytic anaemia, which might need intervention.

Overview: G6PD deficiency is a genetic condition characterised by susceptibility to oxidative stress. Symptoms mainly occur after exposure to triggers. Prevention targets avoidance of triggers, control of infections, and education of caregivers. Early diagnosis and awareness greatly reduce the risk of hemolytic episodes.